Scientific work steps

Scientific study is a report that defines the results of original research. But this short definition; The fact that the scientific article has been written in a certain way and the need to publish a certain way defined by the interaction of traditions, editorial practices, scientific morality and printing-interaction of developed for three centuries should be drawn.

We must define the mechanism that creates a scientific article to define scientific research properly. Summary, theses, conference reports and many other liters can be published, but these publications do not always provide a valid publication criterion. Moreover, a scientific article means that even if all other tests have passed, if it is published in the wrong place, it is not valid. That is, a relatively bad research report, but a publication that passes the tests is a valid publication if it is accepted and published in the right place (usually a major magazine). If a very well prepared research report is published in a wrong place, it is not valid. As in most of the state reports and published in the conference, publications with institutional bulletins and short life expectancy are not considered as essential publications.

Many people have struggled in the definition of the Basic Publication (Current Publication) in which the definition of scientific studies was obtained. The Council of Biology Editors (CBE), a professional organization with authority (at least in biology), has reached the following definition by dealing with such problems:

An acceptable basic scientific publication, colleagues (1) Evaluating Observations (2) Repetition of experiments (3) should be the first explanation with sufficient information that will allow intellectual procedures to evaluate. Moreover, it is suitable for sensory perception; It should be ready for regular scanning of one or more major known secondary services (for example, Biological Abstracts, Index Medicus, Excerpta Medica, Excerpta Medica, Bibliography of Agriculture).

In the first reading, this definition may look extremely mixed or at least too long. But we have contributed to writing this, we have carefully weighing every word and we doubt that a less acceptable definition can be made. Because; What is a scientific article for students, writers, editors and all concerned? What is not? It is very important. It is useful to completely examine what this definition really means.

an acceptable basic scientific publication should be the first explanation. Naturally, often, the first explanation of new research data is included in a scientific meeting as an oral presentation. However, it is an explanation beyond the fact that the CBE expression rises forward. An effective first explanation was only when the announcement was a form that has a form that would allow the author's colleagues (now or in the future) to be fully understood and used.

Thus, the data should be able to repeat (ii) experiments (ii) experiments (ii), and (iii) can evaluate intellectual procedures (is the results of the article supported by data?). Then, the explanation must be suitable for perceived by the senses. This may be a strange group of words, but in normal practice, it means broadcasting. However, this definition gives the description content not only in visual materials (printed magazines, microfilm, microfiş), but also in terms of non -printed, non -visual forms. For example, broadcast in the form of listening tapes can create an effective publication if the other tests given in the definition have passed. In the future, it is only possible for the first description to enter the computer database.
regardless of the form of the publication; This form should be permanently on the scientific society without restriction and should be open to information recovery services (Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Index Medicus, Science Citation Index, etc.). Thus, publications that value news and other aspects such as news bulletins and institution publications cannot serve as places of scientific knowledge.

CBE definition is simpler, but is re -expressed without more precise terms; Basic Publication (i) The first publication of the original research results (ii) is the form of the author's colleagues who can repeat the experiments and examine the results, and (iii) is the publication that can be reached immediately in the journal or another source document. In order to understand this definition, we must add an important warning. The part of the definition, which is attributed to the author's colleagues, is accepted in the sense of a colleague evaluation before the publication. Thus, scientific articles are published in the publication bodies where colleagues are evaluated.
I have stopped for two reasons on this definition problem. Firstly; Since authors, editors and publishers could not do because of their reluctance in identifying the basic publication, all of the science community worked with an expensive expensive scientific communication system for a long time. As a result, most of the publications remained in the state documents in the incomprehensible conferences, or were buried in books and magazines with very few distribution. Other articles have been published more than once in the form of exactly or small changes; Sometimes this has been due to the lack of definition of which conference reports, books and compilation are basic publications (or should be). The result is again and confusion. Secondly, the scientific article as a definition is a special kind of document containing some certain types of information. A scientific article demands the same qualities, such as the qualities of thought that the science needs: logic, openness and certainty (50). If the student or the scientist (and even some of the scientists who have already issued many articles) are fully comprehended, the writing work must be significantly easier. Confusion is the result of unpredictable jobs. Easy work is the job you know what to do and what order should be done as a diagnosis.

The article issued to meet the requirements of the current publication is a scientific article. It consists or should be composed of significantly shaped, discrete and clearly specific, combined parts. The most common naming of the merged parts in the basic sciences: Introduction-Giriş, Methods-Methods, Results-Starts and Discussion-Treatment (and thus acronim Imrad). In fact, the title of materials and methods is more used than simpler methods. But he is the last one who has entered my acron.
Over the years, I thought of the Imrad approach and suggested. However, to date, various editing systems, which have been different in any way, have been preferred by some editors and magazines. The tendency towards uniform has increased since the Imrad system was defined by the American National Standards Institute in 1972 and again in 1979 (5).
This ranking is so logically used in other types of explanatory publications. Person; Chemistry, archeology, about the economy or about the crimes on the streets, the Imrad format is often the best choice.
This is often true for articles describing laboratory work results. Of course, there are exceptions. For example, field study reports in the earth sciences and clinical case reports in medical sciences do not comply with such regulation in the first stage. Nevertheless, even in these articles that give visual definition, the same logic range from problem to solution is often appropriate.
From time to time, laboratory reports should be different. If several methods have been used to achieve the relevant results directly, the integrated

of the materials and methods and methods and results Scientific research stages

While conducting scientific research on a determined subject, following regular stages will ensure that the study is more efficient. These stages are gathered under 8 headings.

1-Subject of the Research
2-Research Screening (Index Research)
6-Versions
7-Discounts and limitations
8-Summer+Presentation (Report)


Scientific research should include the following features: